自动化办公，我相信很多人都有强烈的需求，都希望从繁琐重复的劳动中挣脱出来，把精力用在有意义的事情上。
来自知乎提问
现代办公室里几乎任何一项工作都会用到Excel、Word。在之前文章中我已分享过Python自动化操作word的文章《Python办公自动化｜只需三秒，一键生成数据分析报告》。
私信小编01即可获取大量Python学习资源
今天我教大家如何利用Python自动化操作Excel，包括：介绍操作Excel的工具包、安装方法及操作Excel具体方法。对于每天有大量重复性工作的同学来说，这款工具绝对是福利。
openpyxl是什么
openpyxl是一个Python库，用于读取/写入Excel xlsx / xlsm / xltx / xltm文件。它的诞生是因为缺少可从Python本地读取/写入Office Open XML格式的库。官方文档：
http://yumos.gitee.io/openpyxl3.0
openpyxl安装
使用pip安装openpyxl。建议在不带系统软件包的Python virtualenv中执行此操作：
pip install openpyxl支持流行的lxml库（如果已安装）。这在创建大文件时特别有用。
openpyxl操作指南
1、创建工作簿
from openpyxl import Workbookwb = Workbook()ws_00 = wb.active #默认不取名称ws_00['A1']= 'Python学习与数据挖掘'ws_01 = wb.create_sheet("new_sheet", 0) # 取一个new_sheet的名称ws_01['A1']= 23wb.save('/Users/***/Desktop/document.xlsx')
2、写工作簿
from openpyxl import Workbookfrom openpyxl.utils import get_column_letterwb = Workbook()dest_filename = '/Users/****/Desktop/empty_book.xlsx'ws1 = wb.activews1.title = "range names"for row in range(1, 40): ws1.append(range(600))ws2 = wb.create_sheet(title="Pi")ws2['F5'] = 3.14ws3 = wb.create_sheet(title="Data")for row in range(10, 20): for col in range(27, 54): _ = ws3.cell(column=col, row=row, value="{0}".format(get_column_letter(col)))wb.save(filename = dest_filename)3、插入图片
from openpyxl import Workbookfrom openpyxl.drawing.image import Imagewb = Workbook()ws = wb.activews['A1'] = 'You should see three logos below'img = Image('/Users/***/work/logo.png')ws.add_image(img, 'A1')wb.save('/Users/***/document01.xlsx')4、删除行和列
删除列F:H
ws.delete_cols(6, 3)5、将工作表转换为数据框
df = DataFrame(ws.values)6、2D区域图
from openpyxl import Workbookfrom openpyxl.chart import ( AreaChart, Reference, Series, ) wb = Workbook()ws = wb.activerows = [ ['Number', 'Batch 1', 'Batch 2'], [2, 40, 30], [3, 40, 25], [4, 50, 30], [5, 30, 10], [6, 25, 5], [7, 50, 10],]for row in rows: ws.append(row)chart = AreaChart()chart.title = "Area Chart"chart.style = 13chart.x_axis.title = 'Test'chart.y_axis.title = 'Percentage'cats = Reference(ws, min_col=1, min_row=1, max_row=7)data = Reference(ws, min_col=2, min_row=1, max_col=3, max_row=7)chart.add_data(data, titles_from_data=True)chart.set_categories(cats)ws.add_chart(chart, "A10")wb.save("area.xlsx")
6、雷达图
from openpyxl import Workbookfrom openpyxl.chart import ( RadarChart, Reference,)wb = Workbook()ws = wb.activerows = [ ['Month', "Bulbs", "Seeds", "Flowers", "Trees & shrubs"], ['Jan', 0, 2500, 500, 0,], ['Feb', 0, 5500, 750, 1500], ['Mar', 0, 9000, 1500, 2500], ['Apr', 0, 6500, 2000, 4000], ['May', 0, 3500, 5500, 3500], ['Jun', 0, 0, 7500, 1500], ['Jul', 0, 0, 8500, 800], ['Aug', 1500, 0, 7000, 550], ['Sep', 5000, 0, 3500, 2500], ['Oct', 8500, 0, 2500, 6000], ['Nov', 3500, 0, 500, 5500], ['Dec', 500, 0, 100, 3000 ],]for row in rows: ws.append(row)chart = RadarChart()chart.type = "filled"labels = Reference(ws, min_col=1, min_row=2, max_row=13)data = Reference(ws, min_col=2, max_col=5, min_row=1, max_row=13)chart.add_data(data, titles_from_data=True)chart.set_categories(labels)chart.style = 26chart.title = "Garden Centre Sales"chart.y_axis.delete = Truews.add_chart(chart, "A17")wb.save("radar.xlsx")
7、使用公式
业务中需要批量处理的操作，我们可以代码化。Python利用Excel的公式功能来处理数据，可以达到事半功倍的效果。
from openpyxl import Workbookfrom openpyxl import load_workbookwb = load_workbook('/Users/***/work/document01.xlsx')ws1=wb.activews1["F2"] = "=SUM(B2:E2)" # 使用公式# Save the filewb.save('/Users/***/Desktop/document01.xlsx')8、给单元格设定字体颜色
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-from openpyxl import Workbookfrom openpyxl.styles import colorsfrom openpyxl.styles import Fontwb = Workbook()ws = wb.activea1 = ws['A1']d4 = ws['D4']ft = Font(color=colors.RED) # color="FFBB00"，颜色编码也可以设定颜色a1.font = ftd4.font = ft# If you want to change the color of a Font, you need to reassign it::#italic 倾斜字体a1.font = Font(color=colors.RED, italic=True) # the change only affects A1a1.value = "abc"# Save the filewb.save("/Users/***/Desktop/document01.xlsx")9、设定字体和大小
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-from openpyxl import Workbookfrom openpyxl.styles import colorsfrom openpyxl.styles import Fontwb = Workbook()ws = wb.activea1 = ws['A1']d4 = ws['D4']a1.value = "abc"from openpyxl.styles import Fontfrom copy import copyft1 = Font(name=u'宋体', size=14)ft2 = copy(ft1) #复制字体对象ft2.name = "Tahoma"10、设定单元格的边框、字体、颜色、大小和边框背景色
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-from openpyxl import Workbookfrom openpyxl.styles import Fontfrom openpyxl.styles import NamedStyle, Font, Border, Side,PatternFillwb = Workbook()ws = wb.activehighlight = NamedStyle(name="highlight")highlight.font = Font(bold=True, size=20,color= "ff0100")highlight.fill = PatternFill("solid", fgColor="DDDDDD")#背景填充bd = Side(style='thick', color="000000")highlight.border = Border(left=bd, top=bd, right=bd, bottom=bd)print dir(ws["A1"])ws["A1"].style =highlight# Save the filewb.save("/Users/***/Desktop/document01.xlsx")